Component

The temperature sensor - LM 35

more description just follow this link http://www.facstaff.bucknell.edu/mastascu/elessonshtml/Sensors/TempLM35.html

for more information about it characteristic...

http://datasheetreference.com/lm35-datasheet.html

Voltage regulator - ic 7805

datasheet for this ic...http://datasheetreference.com/7805-regulator-datasheet.html

Microcontroller - PIC 16f877A

http://www.scribd.com/doc/258205/PIC-16f877A-data-sheet

2x16 LCD display

http://www.vishay.com/docs/37297/37297.pdf

Relay - 5VDC

datasheet http://www.lemicro.cn/rar/SRD%28T73%29.pdf

for information about relay driving basic can google this link http://www.jaycar.com.au/images_uploaded/relaydrv.pdf

for more analysis about ceiling fan motor..http://www.mqitechnology.com/downloads/motor_design/MotorDesign-10-CeilingFanMotor.pdf

normally ceiling fan driven using single phase induction motor.

more detailed about single phase induction motor just through this link..

http://www.newagepublishers.com/samplechapter/001136.pdf

http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_2/chpt_13/9.html